Nest in holes in wood blocks or pithy stems. Also in crevices, mud or paper nests of wasps, ground nests of bees, and carpenter bees (Xylocopa). Cell partitions and caps are made of mud (Cane et al. 2007).
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical):
Ed Baker,
Katherine Bouton
Alice Heaton
Dimitris Koureas,
Laurence Livermore,
Dave Roberts,
Simon Rycroft,
Ben Scott,
Vince Smith