@article {1520,
	title = {The hind tibiotarsal and tibial spur articulations in bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1979},
	month = {1979///},
	pages = {123 - 137},
	keywords = {Apoidea, MORPHOLOGY},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1605,
	title = {Male competition and mating behavior within mating aggregations of Glenostictia satan Gillaspy (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1987},
	month = {1987///},
	pages = {264 - 272},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-MATING, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, COMPETITION, HYMENOPTERAN, SPHECIDAE},
	author = {Longair,R.W. and Cane, J. H. and Elliott,L.}
}
@article {1517,
	title = {Origin and chemistry of the secreted nest entrance lining of Halictus hesperus (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1984},
	month = {1984///},
	pages = {161 - 165},
	keywords = {Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, DUFOUR{\textquoteright}S GLAND, Halictidae, NEST LINING},
	author = {Brooks,R.W. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Mandibular gland secretions of solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): potential for nest cell disinfection},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1983},
	month = {1983///},
	pages = {895 - 897},
	keywords = {ALLOMONES, Apoidea, DEFENSE, DISEASE, FUNGI, MANDIBULAR/LABIAL GLANDS, NEST LINING, PATHOGENS, SOIL},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Gerdin,S. and Wife,G.}
}
@article {1543,
	title = {Nesting biology notes for Perdita (Alloperdita) bradleyi Viereck (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1989},
	month = {1989///},
	pages = {140 - 143},
	keywords = {ANDRENIDAE, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, CLEPTOPARASITE, Halictidae, LIFE HISTORY, PHENOLOGY, SOIL},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1539,
	title = {Estimation of bee size using intertegular span (Apoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1987},
	month = {1987///},
	pages = {145 - 147},
	keywords = {Apoidea, BEE SIZE, MORPHOLOGY, SIZE},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1626,
	title = {Temporal patterns of floral visitation for two bees foraging at Solanum},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {66},
	year = {1993},
	month = {1993///},
	pages = {319 - 327},
	keywords = {APIDAE, BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, BOMBUS, BUZZ POLLINATION, COLLETIDAE, COMPETITION, FLORAL REWARDS-POLLEN, PHENOLOGY, POLLEN REMOVAL, RESOURCE PARTITIONING, SOLANACEAE},
	author = {Shelly,T.E. and Villalobos,E.M. and Buchmann,S.L. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Soils of ground-nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): texture, moisture, cell depth and climate},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1991},
	month = {1991///},
	pages = {406 - 413},
	abstract = {32 species of ground-nesting bees},
	keywords = {ANDRENIDAE, ANTHOPHORIDAE, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, CLIMATE, COLLETIDAE, ECOLOGY, Halictidae, Megachilidae, MELITTIDAE, SOIL},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1562,
	title = {Violent weather and bees: populations of the barrier island endemic, Hesperapis oraria (Hymenoptera: Melittidae) survive a category 3 hurricane},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {73 - 75},
	keywords = {Apoidea, CONSERVATION, HABITAT, Hesperapis, MELITTIDAE, POPULATION BIOLOGY, WEATHER},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1559,
	title = {Nesting resins obtained from Larrea pollen host by an oligolectic bee, Trachusa larreae (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {99 - 102},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-NESTING, LARREA, Megachilidae, NEST LINING, OLIGOLECTY, POLLEN, RESIN/SAP, Trachusa},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1561,
	title = {A new monolectic coastal bee, Hesperapis oraria Snelling and Stage (Hymenoptera: Melittidae), with a review of desert and neotropical disjunctives in the southeastern U.S},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {238 - 247},
	keywords = {Apoidea, ASTERACEAE, BIOGEOGRAPHY, CONSERVATION, HABITAT, Hesperapis, MELITTIDAE, OLIGOLECTY, SOIL, taxonomy, TROPICS},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Snelling,R.R. and Kervin,L.J. and Eickwort,G.C.}
}
@article {1558,
	title = {Notes on the nesting biology of Svastra atripes (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {238 - 240},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, CLEPTOPARASITE, LIFE HISTORY},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1556,
	title = {Nesting biology and mating behavior of the Southeastern blueberry bee, Habropoda laboriosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {67},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {236 - 241},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR, BEHAVIOR-MATING, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, HABROPODA, LIFE HISTORY, SOIL, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1566,
	title = {Sampling bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) for pollinator community studies: pitfalls of pan-trapping},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {225 - 231},
	abstract = {With the growing interest in pollinator conservation, a need has emerged for a simple. unbiased method to reliably sample local bee faunas. One method. pan-trapping, has increased in popularity without critical evaluation of its efficacy and biases. We compared traditional net collecting at flowers and pan trapping concurrently, sampling the local bee fauna of the dominant desert shrub. creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) growing at the Silver-bell site of the International Biosphere Program (IBP) nw of Tucson Arizona. pan-traps on the ground yielded a faunal sample depauperate in many of the more common native bee species on creosote bush, particularly its floral specialists. This pan-trap sample also corresponded poorly with the previous four years{\textquoteright} faunal samples at this site, with pairs of neighboring net-sampled sites throughout the Southwest. and with all pairs of bee samples from Larrea across the Upper Sonoran desert. The likely causes of this disparity and the utility of pan trapping for bees in faunal and community studies is discussed},
	keywords = {Apoidea, COMMUNITIES, CONSERVATION, DIVERSITY, GUILD, LARREA, METHODS, POLLINATOR},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Minckley,R.L. and Kervin,L.J.}
}
@article {1618,
	title = {The effect of diet breadth and nesting ecology on body size variation in bees (Apiformes)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {180 - 193},
	abstract = {Body size in animals influences survival, fecundity, and mating opportunity. For bees, parental provisioning behavior largely controls offspring body size. Because larger offspring of many bee species have fitness advantages, selection on body size should act through selection on parental provisioning behavior and restrict body size variation of each species. Many bet species show great variability in body size, however, which may indicate that adult females are often constrained in their ability to consistently produce large offspring. We compared body size variation within bee species for two life history traits that could influence offspring body size: dietary breadth (specialist or generalist) and nesting habit (ground-nesting or cavity-nesting). We determined the head width (a reliable correlate of body size) of 2276 bees belonging to 31 bee species from five families and calculated the body size variation fur each species. Body size variation, measured as the coefficient of variation in head size, did not differ between pollen specialists (oligoleges) and pollen generalists (polyleges) across 13 pairs of closely-related, sympatric bee species of similar body size. Cavity-nesting species showed significantly greater variation in body size than ground-nesting species, which suggests that the choice of nest cavities utilized may be a more important predictor of offspring body size than parental body size. The cleptoparasite Coelioxys sayi had similar body size variation to one of its hosts, Megachile brevis. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, showed the least body size variation of any species measured},
	keywords = {APIS, Apoidea, BEE SIZE, BEHAVIOR, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, CLEPTOPARASITE, ECOLOGY, FITNESS, LARVAL PROVISIONS, LIFE HISTORY, MEGACHILE, MORPHOLOGY, OLIGOLECTY, POLLEN, POLYLECTY, SELECTION, SIZE, VARIATION},
	author = {Roulston,T.H. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1573,
	title = {Annual displacement of soil in nest tumuli of alkali bees (Nomia melanderi) (Hymenoptera: Apiformies: Halictidae) across an agricultural landscape},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {172 - 176},
	abstract = {Thousands of bee species nest in the ground, sometimes gregariously. digging central tunnels whose excavated soil is pushed to the surface its tumuli To quantify tumulus, production across a landscape. nesting female alkali bee, (Nomia imelanderi) were censused for the 155 km(3) Touchet Valley of southeastern Washington. where nest sites of alkali bees are managed to pollinate alfalfa seed fields. Across this landscape in 2001, an estimated 9.1 million nesting females collectively brought 87,500 kg (96 tons) of soil to the surface in their tumuli, much of which is subsequently eroded away by wind or rain. At this rate. the oldest populated nest site would have cumulatively lost four cm to surface Subsidence as a result of the past halt century{\textquoteright}s nesting activity. Bees are probably minor agents of biogeomorphology and bioturbation except where nesting females are concentrated in long-lived Populous aggregations},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-NESTING, Halictidae, NOMIA, SEED, SOIL},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1609,
	title = {Biological impediments to measures of competition among introduced honey bees and desert bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {306 - 319},
	abstract = {Foraging behaviors, host plant breadth, and agilities of social and solitary bee species differ dramatically. We illustrate how these phenomena can obscure the effects of floral resource competition from our studies on a species-rich, native bee fauna that visit the flowers of creosote bush [Larrea tridentata Coville (Zygophyllaceae)], a widespread dominant perennial plant species in the warm deserts of North America. The potential for competition among the solitary bees that visit creosote bush and honey bees was investigated by two methods: one that is widely used asks if solitary bee abundance and species diversity is less at sites with greater honey bee abundance; and a second. more novel approach that asks if pollen availability is limiting at sites with high bee biomass. We found no relationship among number of honey bees at sited and species richness and abundance of all native bees combined or of Pollen specialist species considered alone. Protein represented in the pollen of the primary host plant greatly exceeded the biomass of bees present at a site. We suggest bee populations are rarely pollen limited in this system or that competition, when it occurs, is highly episodic. Future studies of bee competition will need to assess long-term Population variation among solitary and introduced bees in habitats where floral resources can be measured for multiple flowering plant species, and where bee colony/nest dynamics can be documented, Studies of bee faunas in temperate areas are needed. This paper demonstrates some of the possible pitfalls for studies of competition among highly eusocial and solitary bees, We conclude that basic data (in bee biology and population dynamics are needed before these questions can be satisfactorily answered and, at present, little hard data are available to evaluate the competing hypotheses},
	keywords = {APIS, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR, COMPETITION, DIVERSITY, FLOWERING, GUILD, HABITAT, LARREA, METHODS, POLLEN, PROTEIN, RESOURCE LIMITATION, VARIATION},
	author = {Minckley,R.L. and Cane, J. H. and Kervin,L. and Yanega,D.}
}
@article { ISI:000258272900011,
	title = {Summer bees for spring crops? Potential problems with Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) as a pollinator of lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae)},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY},
	volume = {81},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {276-287},
	abstract = {The alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), was introduced into the lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium and V. myrtilloides (Ericaceae), agro-ecosystems of Atlantic Canada and the state of Maine in the early 1990{\textquoteright}s. As a managed pollinator of this crop, this typical {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}summer-active{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} bee is released approximately one month earlier than for alfalfa pollination and therefore is exposed to a different set of climatological conditions, primarily night time temperatures which can reach as low as -8 degrees C during flowering. The objectives of this study were to investigate aspects of cold-hardiness in post-diapausing M. rotundata, and to determine the potential effects of subzero temperatures on adult females through studies of supercooling capacity and survival at low temperatures. Post-diapausing M. rotundata maintain a supercooling capacity below -23 degrees C until pupation, after which all developmental stages freeze between -15 degrees C and -17 degrees C. Fed and unfed adult females show significant differences in their supercooling capacity; -8 degrees C and -16 degrees C, respectively. Bees which have fed showed very little susceptibility to temperatures above -5 degrees C, but mortality significantly increased at -10 degrees C, and was 100\% at -15 degrees C. As such, M. rotundata populations are likely susceptible to unusually cool night time temperatures when used for lowbush blueberry pollination. The implications of earlier release times on bee biology and population recovery for pollination are discussed.},
	issn = {{0022-8567}},
	doi = {10.2317/JKES-710.23.1},
	author = {Sheffield, Cory S.}
}
@article { ISI:000265226600002,
	title = {Rapid Range Expansion of the Wool-Carder Bee, Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in North America},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY},
	volume = {82},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {21-29},
	abstract = {Anthidium manicatum (L.) is an adventive species of European origin first recorded in North America in the late 1960{\textquoteright}s; from that point until 2001 its range on the continent was restricted to the northeast-central USA and central Canada (Ontario, more recently Quebec). In 2005, this species was reported from Nova Scotia, a rapid and wide increase in its distribution. In this paper, we document a similar rapid spread of A. manicatum into western North America, including British Columbia and Idaho, and discuss the potential risks of this species in eastern Canada. In addition, the potential of DNA barcoding as a rapid and reliable means of recognizing adventive bee species is advocated.},
	issn = {0022-8567},
	author = {Gibbs, Jason and Sheffield, Cory S.}
}
@article {911,
	title = {Resurrecting the Bee Osmia aglaia Sandhouse from Synonymy (Hymenoptera: Apiformes: Megachilidae)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2009},
	chapter = {43-45.},
	keywords = {1939, Osmia aglaia Sandhouse},
	author = {Cane, J. and Rust, R. W. and Bohart, G. W.}
}
@article {1590,
	title = {Resurrecting the bee Osmia aglaia Sandhouse from synonymy (Hymenoptera: Apiformes: Megachilidae)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009/01//},
	pages = {43 - 45},
	abstract = {<p>The western US bee Osmia aglaia Sandhouse is resurrected from synonymy with O. laeta Sandhouse. Confusion resulted from errors in paratype identification, which are herein corrected. New distinguishing morphological characters are provided that justify the specific status of O. aglaia</p>
},
	keywords = {Apoidea, Megachilidae, OSMIA, taxonomy},
	isbn = {0022-8567},
	url = {ISI:000265226600004},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Rust, R. W. and Bohart, G. W.}
}
@article {593,
	title = {Noctoraptor in Bolivia (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2011},
	chapter = {64-70},
	doi = {10.2317/JKES101006.1},
	url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2317/JKES101006.1},
	author = {Engel, M.S.}
}
