@article {1560,
	title = {Pollination, foraging, and nesting ecology of the leaf-cutting bee Megachile (Delomegachile) addenda (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on cranberry beds},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {89},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {361 - 367},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, BEHAVIOR-MATING, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, BUZZ POLLINATION, CLEPTOPARASITE, CRANBERRIES, ECOLOGY, ERICACEAE, MEGACHILE, Megachilidae, POLLEN LOAD- BEE, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN PRODUCTION, POLLEN REMOVAL, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, SOIL, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Schiffhauer,D. and Kervin,L.J.}
}
@article {1569,
	title = {Pollinator genetics and pollination: do honey bee colonies selected for pollen-hoarding field better pollinators of cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon?},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {117 - 123},
	abstract = {1. Genetic polymorphisms of flowering plants can influence pollinator foraging but it is not known whether heritable foraging polymorphisms of pollinators influence their pollination efficacies. Honey bees Apis mellifera L. visit cranberry flowers for nectar but rarely for pollen when alternative preferred flowers grow nearby. 2. Cranberry flowers visited once by pollen-foraging honey bees received fourfold more stigmatic pollen than flowers visited by mere nectar-foragers (excluding nectar thieves). Manual greenhouse pollinations with fixed numbers of pollen tetrads (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) achieved maximal fruit set with just eight pollen tetrads. Pollen-foraging honey bees yielded a calculated 63\% more berries than equal numbers of non-thieving nectar-foragers, even though both classes of forager made stigmatic contact. 3. Colonies headed by queens of a pollen-hoarding genotype fielded significantly more pollen-foraging trips than standard commercial genotypes, as did hives fitted with permanently engaged pollen traps or colonies containing more larvae. Pollen-hoarding colonies together brought back twice as many cranberry pollen loads as control colonies, which was marginally significant despite marked daily variation in the proportion of collected pollen that was cranberry. 4. Caloric supplementation of matched, paired colonies failed to enhance pollen foraging despite the meagre nectar yields of individual cranberry flowers. 5. Heritable behavioural polymorphisms of the honey bee, such as pollen-hoarding, can enhance fruit and seed set by a floral host (e.g. cranberry), but only if more preferred pollen hosts are absent or rare. Otherwise, honey bees{\textquoteright} broad polylecty, flight range, and daily idiosyncrasies in floral fidelity will obscure specific pollen-foraging differences at a given floral host, even among paired colonies in a seemingly uniform agricultural setting},
	keywords = {APIDAE, APIS, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, CRANBERRIES, ERICACEAE, FLIGHT, FLORAL REWARDS-POLLEN, FLOWERING, FRUIT SET, FRUIT SIZE, GENETICS, LARVAE, POLLEN, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN TRAP, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, POLYLECTY, POLYMORPHISM, SEED, SEED SET, TRAP, VACCINIUM, VARIATION},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Schiffhauer,D.}
}
@inbook {1633,
	title = {Comparing pollinator quality of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and native bees using pollen removal and deposition measures},
	booktitle = {For non-native crops, whence pollinators of the future?},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {163 - 180},
	publisher = {Entomol. Soc. Amer.},
	organization = {Entomol. Soc. Amer.},
	address = {Lanham, Maryland},
	keywords = {APIDAE, APIS, Apoidea, EXOTIC, POLLEN, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN REMOVAL, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR},
	author = {Williams,N.M. and Thomson,J.D.},
	editor = {Strickler,K. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1571,
	title = {Dose-response relationships between pollination and fruiting refine pollinator comparisons for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon [Ericaceae])},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {1425 - 1432},
	abstract = {Comparisons of pollinator efficacy using pollen received on stigmas can be refined by incorporating experimental dose-response relationships for pollen deposition and fruiting responses. A range of discrete pollen doses applied to cranberry stigmas resulted in decelerating curvilinear responses for fruiting, berry size, and seed set. Minimum thresholds and maximum asymptotes bounded reproductive responses to incremental stigmatic pollen loads. Four bee species were compared for their pollination efficacies on commercial cranberries. using counts of pollen received by stigmas during single bee visits to previously virgin flowers. Differences between these bee species were found to be exaggerated when raw pollen counts were used for comparison because foragers of some species often delivered pollen in excess of that needed to maximize fruit and seed production. Sixfold differences between species in mean pollen deposition translated into 1.5-2-fold differences in predicted cranberry fruit set and size. Implications for pollen tube competition and agricultural production are discussed},
	keywords = {APIS, Apoidea, BOMBUS, COMPETITION, CRANBERRIES, ERICACEAE, FRUIT PRODUCTION, FRUIT SET, FRUIT SIZE, POLLEN, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN TUBE, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATION INTENSITY, POLLINATOR, SEED, SEED PRODUCTION, SEED SET, SIZE, STIGMA, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Schiffhauer,D.}
}
