@conference {1536,
	title = {The importance of native bees to rabbiteye blueberry pollination},
	booktitle = {Third Biennial Southeast Blueberry Conference},
	year = {1986},
	month = {1986///},
	address = {Tifton, GA},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, APIDAE, APIS, BOMBUS, BUZZ POLLINATION, CONSERVATION, ERICACEAE, FRUIT PRODUCTION, FRUIT SET, HABROPODA, INCOMPLETE, OLIGOLECTY, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1548,
	title = {Native bee pollinates rabbiteye blueberry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1990},
	month = {1990///},
	pages = {4},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, APIDAE, APIS, BOMBUS, ERICACEAE, FRUIT SET, HABROPODA, OLIGOLECTY, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Payne,J.A.}
}
@article {1613,
	title = {Fruit size, seed size, seed viability and pollination of rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade)},
	volume = {241},
	year = {1989},
	month = {1989///},
	pages = {38 - 43},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, ERICACEAE, FRUIT SET, FRUIT SIZE, HABROPODA, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, SEED, SEED SET, SIZE, VACCINIUM, VACCINIUM ASHEI},
	author = {Payne,J.A. and Cane, J. H. and Amis,A.A. and Lyrene,P.M.}
}
@article {1560,
	title = {Pollination, foraging, and nesting ecology of the leaf-cutting bee Megachile (Delomegachile) addenda (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on cranberry beds},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {89},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996///},
	pages = {361 - 367},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, BEHAVIOR-MATING, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, BUZZ POLLINATION, CLEPTOPARASITE, CRANBERRIES, ECOLOGY, ERICACEAE, MEGACHILE, Megachilidae, POLLEN LOAD- BEE, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN PRODUCTION, POLLEN REMOVAL, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, SOIL, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Schiffhauer,D. and Kervin,L.J.}
}
@article {1563,
	title = {Lifetime monetary value of individual pollinators: the bee Habropoda laboriosa at rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade)},
	volume = {446},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {67 - 70},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, ERICACEAE, FRUIT PRODUCTION, FRUIT SET, HABROPODA, LARVAL PROVISIONS, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, VACCINIUM, VACCINIUM ASHEI},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1570,
	title = {Pollinating bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) of U.S. alfalfa compared for rates of pod and seed set},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {22 - 27},
	abstract = {Alfalfa (=lucerne) flowers require visiting bees to trip the sexual column, thereby providing pollination and subsequent pod and seed set. Previous studies have compared the pollination values of different bee species solely by the speed with which they handle flowers and the proportion of visited flowers tripped. In this greenhouse study, five species of bees, including the three commercially managed U.S alfalfa pollinators, are likewise compared for their floral tripping frequencies. These bee species are also compared for the pod set and mature seed that results from their single visits to virgin flowers. Regardless of the identity of the pollinating bee, tripped flowers had the same probabilities of pod set and seed set. Thus, differences in the single-visit pollination efficiencies of the various bee species are entirely attributable to the proportion of visited flowers that they trip. Females of the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi Cockerell, and the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata F, tripped 81 and 78\% of visited flowers, respectively. Males of these species are significantly less effective (61 and 51\%, respectively), but still significantly superior to the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (22\% of visited flowers tripped). These relationships are supported by field data for tripping frequencies. One candidate pollinator, Osmia sanrafaelae Parker, shows promise (44\% tripped), but not the congeneric O. aglaia Sandhouse (13\% tripped)},
	keywords = {APIDAE, APIS, Apoidea, FABACEAE, FRUIT SET, Halictidae, MEDICAGO, MEGACHILE, Megachilidae, NOMIA, OSMIA, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, SEED, SEED SET},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1569,
	title = {Pollinator genetics and pollination: do honey bee colonies selected for pollen-hoarding field better pollinators of cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon?},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {117 - 123},
	abstract = {1. Genetic polymorphisms of flowering plants can influence pollinator foraging but it is not known whether heritable foraging polymorphisms of pollinators influence their pollination efficacies. Honey bees Apis mellifera L. visit cranberry flowers for nectar but rarely for pollen when alternative preferred flowers grow nearby. 2. Cranberry flowers visited once by pollen-foraging honey bees received fourfold more stigmatic pollen than flowers visited by mere nectar-foragers (excluding nectar thieves). Manual greenhouse pollinations with fixed numbers of pollen tetrads (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) achieved maximal fruit set with just eight pollen tetrads. Pollen-foraging honey bees yielded a calculated 63\% more berries than equal numbers of non-thieving nectar-foragers, even though both classes of forager made stigmatic contact. 3. Colonies headed by queens of a pollen-hoarding genotype fielded significantly more pollen-foraging trips than standard commercial genotypes, as did hives fitted with permanently engaged pollen traps or colonies containing more larvae. Pollen-hoarding colonies together brought back twice as many cranberry pollen loads as control colonies, which was marginally significant despite marked daily variation in the proportion of collected pollen that was cranberry. 4. Caloric supplementation of matched, paired colonies failed to enhance pollen foraging despite the meagre nectar yields of individual cranberry flowers. 5. Heritable behavioural polymorphisms of the honey bee, such as pollen-hoarding, can enhance fruit and seed set by a floral host (e.g. cranberry), but only if more preferred pollen hosts are absent or rare. Otherwise, honey bees{\textquoteright} broad polylecty, flight range, and daily idiosyncrasies in floral fidelity will obscure specific pollen-foraging differences at a given floral host, even among paired colonies in a seemingly uniform agricultural setting},
	keywords = {APIDAE, APIS, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, CRANBERRIES, ERICACEAE, FLIGHT, FLORAL REWARDS-POLLEN, FLOWERING, FRUIT SET, FRUIT SIZE, GENETICS, LARVAE, POLLEN, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN TRAP, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, POLYLECTY, POLYMORPHISM, SEED, SEED SET, TRAP, VACCINIUM, VARIATION},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Schiffhauer,D.}
}
@article {1622,
	title = {Pollination efficiencies of three bee (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) species visiting rabbiteye blueberry},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Entomology},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {1726 - 1731},
	abstract = {Inadequate bee pollination limits rabbiteye blueberry, Vaccinium ashei Reade, production in the some areas of the southeastern United States. Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., are currently the only manageable pollinators available for pollinating V. ashei. However, a new adaptable pollinator for rabbiteye blueberry, Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, was successfully reared and flown in captivity. The bee nested successfully in wooden shelters and conferred superior fruit set to 2-yr-old potted, rabbiteye blueberry bushes. Pollination efficiency or the percentage of blueberry flowers to set fruit after being visited once by a female O. ribifloris was comparable to that of the female blueberry bee Habropoda laboriosa (F.) and worker honey bees. Interestingly, honey bees ante thought to be inefficient pollinators of rabbiteye blueberry were found to be very efficient, especially for {\textquoteright}Climax{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}Premier{\textquoteright} flowers},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, APIDAE, APIS, Apoidea, BOMBUS, FRUIT SET, HABROPODA, Megachilidae, OSMIA, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, VACCINIUM, VACCINIUM ASHEI},
	author = {Sampson,B.J. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@inbook {1633,
	title = {Comparing pollinator quality of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and native bees using pollen removal and deposition measures},
	booktitle = {For non-native crops, whence pollinators of the future?},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {163 - 180},
	publisher = {Entomol. Soc. Amer.},
	organization = {Entomol. Soc. Amer.},
	address = {Lanham, Maryland},
	keywords = {APIDAE, APIS, Apoidea, EXOTIC, POLLEN, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN REMOVAL, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR},
	author = {Williams,N.M. and Thomson,J.D.},
	editor = {Strickler,K. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1571,
	title = {Dose-response relationships between pollination and fruiting refine pollinator comparisons for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon [Ericaceae])},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {1425 - 1432},
	abstract = {Comparisons of pollinator efficacy using pollen received on stigmas can be refined by incorporating experimental dose-response relationships for pollen deposition and fruiting responses. A range of discrete pollen doses applied to cranberry stigmas resulted in decelerating curvilinear responses for fruiting, berry size, and seed set. Minimum thresholds and maximum asymptotes bounded reproductive responses to incremental stigmatic pollen loads. Four bee species were compared for their pollination efficacies on commercial cranberries. using counts of pollen received by stigmas during single bee visits to previously virgin flowers. Differences between these bee species were found to be exaggerated when raw pollen counts were used for comparison because foragers of some species often delivered pollen in excess of that needed to maximize fruit and seed production. Sixfold differences between species in mean pollen deposition translated into 1.5-2-fold differences in predicted cranberry fruit set and size. Implications for pollen tube competition and agricultural production are discussed},
	keywords = {APIS, Apoidea, BOMBUS, COMPETITION, CRANBERRIES, ERICACEAE, FRUIT PRODUCTION, FRUIT SET, FRUIT SIZE, POLLEN, POLLEN LOAD- STIGMA, POLLEN TUBE, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATION INTENSITY, POLLINATOR, SEED, SEED PRODUCTION, SEED SET, SIZE, STIGMA, VACCINIUM},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Schiffhauer,D.}
}
@article {1578,
	title = {Pollination potential of the bee Osmia aglaia for cultivated red raspberries and blackberries (Rubus: Rosaceae)},
	journal = {HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2005},
	note = {LA- English},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {1705 - 1708},
	abstract = {A manageable cavity-nesting bee, Osmia aglaia Sandhouse (Apiformes: Megachilidae), was evaluated as a pollinator for cultivated red raspberry and blackberries. Floral visits by free-flying honey bees or by less numerous caged O. aglaia yielded red raspberry fruit ({\textquoteright}Canby{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}K81-6{\textquoteright}) of equivalent size. These fruit were 30\% larger (1.9 g, 70 drupelets) than fruit from unvisited flowers. Female O. aglaia readily visited flowers of all eight diverse blackberry cultivars observed. For all of these cultivated Rubus, female O. aglaia were observed to invariably collect pollen while pivoting atop the brush of pistils, maximizing opportunities for pollen transfer. Within its native geographic range in western Oregon and California, this effective native pollinator could be a sustainably managed, economical bee for cultivated cane fruit},
	keywords = {FRUIT SIZE, Megachilidae, OSMIA, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, ROSACEAE, RUBUS},
	isbn = {0018-5345},
	url = {http://elinks.dialog.com/servlet/LinkManager.StarLinksDirector?\&userid=158346\&rel=v3\&pf_id=1\&publ=openURL81029531102624352\&issn=0018-5345\&vol=40\&year=2005\&page=1705\&issue=6\&lm=false\&db=DialogFile10\&app=DialogAPI1\&aulast=Cane\&atitle=Pollination+potential+o},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1623,
	title = {Screenhouse evaluations of a mason bee Osmia ribifloris (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as a pollinator of blueberries in the southeastern United States},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {381 - 392},
	keywords = {Apoidea, FRUIT SET, Megachilidae, OSMIA, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, VACCINIUM, VACCINIUM ASHEI, VARIATION},
	author = {Sampson,B.J. and Stringer,S.J. and Cane, J. H. and Spiers,J.M.}
}
@article {1580,
	title = {An evaluation of pollination mechanisms for purple prairie-clover, Dalea purpurea (Fabaceae: Amorpheae)},
	journal = {American Midland Naturalist},
	volume = {156},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {193 - 197},
	abstract = {Purple prairie-clover (Dalea purpurea Ventenat) is a common perennial forb that flowers during mid-summer throughout the Great Plains and adjacent biomes. Seed of D. purpurea is used for prairie restoration. This study characterizes the reproductive biology of D. purpurea. Manual pollination field trials showed that D. purpurea has a mixed pollination system. It is primarily xenogamous (45\% of flowers manually pollinated with outcross pollen yielded plump seeds) but partially self-compatible (19\% of selfed flowers yielded seeds). Flowers neither visited by bees nor manually pollinated rarely yielded mature seed (0-6\% of flowers). A review of extensive bee community surveys from sites with prairie wildflower communities revealed that D. purpurea attracts a rich and diverse native bee fauna. Managed agricultural pollinators (Apis mellifera, Megachile rotundata) also work its flowers for pollen and nectar, yielding >20,000 seeds per plant. These observations bode well both for pollinating D. purpurea in small commercial seed fields as well as for its value for sustaining native pollinator faunas in prairie restorations.},
	keywords = {FABACEAE, OUTCROSSING, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, SEED SET, SELF-COMPATIBILITY},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1624,
	title = {Foraging behavior, pollinator effectiveness, and management potential of the new world squash bees Peponapis pruinosa and Xenoglossa strenua (Apidae: Eucerini)},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {459 - 459},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, CUCURBITACEAE, OLIGOLECTY, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR},
	url = {ISI:000246456600143},
	author = {Sampson,B.J. and Knight,P.R. and Cane, J. H. and Spiers,J.M.}
}
@article {1587,
	title = {An effective, manageable bee for pollination of Rubus bramble fruits, Osmia aglaia},
	volume = {777},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {459 - 464},
	abstract = {The non-social cavity-nesting bee Osmia aglaia Sandhouse (Apiformes:
Megachilidae) shows promise as a manageable and effective pollinator for
commercial raspberries and blackberries (Rubus). Floral visits by honey bees (Apis
mellifera L.) or by less numerous caged O. aglaia yielded red raspberries of
equivalent size; berries from unvisited caged flowers were significantly smaller.
Female O. aglaia readily visited flowers of various blackberry cultivars too. Female
foraging behavior on top of a flower{\textquoteright}s pistils maximizes the chances for pollen
transfer to innermost stigmas. The bee readily nests in inexpensive commercial foam
nesting substrates modified from those already used for the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee.
An affordable, durable nesting shelter and practical support frame has also been
field tested. Large nesting populations have been increased in commercial bramble
fruits in Oregon USA. Within its range in western Oregon and California USA, this
effective native pollinator of Rubus could be a sustainably managed bee for
cultivated bramble fruits.},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-NESTING, FRUIT SIZE, Megachilidae, OSMIA, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, ROSACEAE, RUBUS},
	url = {http://www.actahort.org/books/777/777_70.htm},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1593,
	title = {Pollination value of male bees: The specialist bee Peponapis pruinosa (Apidae) at summer squash (Cucurbita pepo)},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {614 - 620},
	abstract = {Male bees can be abundant at flowers, particularly floral hosts of those bee species whose females are taxonomic pollen specialists (oligolecty). Contributions of male bees to host pollination are rarely studied directly despite their prevalence in a number of pollination guilds, including those of some crop plants. In this study, males of the oligolectic bee, Peponapis pruinosa Say, were shown to be effective pollinators of summer squash, Cucurbita pepo L. Seven sequential visits from male P. pruinosa maximized squash fruit set and growth. This number of male visits accumulated during the first hour of their foraging and mate searching at flowers soon after sunrise. Pollination efficacy of male P. pruinosa and their abundances at squash flowers were sufficient to account for most summer squash production at our study sites, and by extrapolation, to two-thirds of all 87 North American farms and market gardens growing squashes that were surveyed for pollinators by collaborators in the Squash Pollinators of the Americas Survey. We posit that the substantial pollination value of male Peponapis bees is a consequence of their species{\textquoteright} oligolecty, their mate seeking strategy, and some extreme traits of Cucurbita flowers (massive rewards, flower size, phenology).},
	keywords = {CUCURBITACEAE, FRUIT SET, FRUIT SIZE, OLIGOLECTY, Peponapis, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATION INTENSITY, SEED SET},
	url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/envent/2011/00000040/00000003/art00014;http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN10084},
	author = {Cane,James H. and Sampson,Blair J. and Miller,Stephanie A.}
}
