@article { ISI:000258272900011,
	title = {Summer bees for spring crops? Potential problems with Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae) as a pollinator of lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae)},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY},
	volume = {81},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {276-287},
	abstract = {The alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), was introduced into the lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium and V. myrtilloides (Ericaceae), agro-ecosystems of Atlantic Canada and the state of Maine in the early 1990{\textquoteright}s. As a managed pollinator of this crop, this typical {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}summer-active{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} bee is released approximately one month earlier than for alfalfa pollination and therefore is exposed to a different set of climatological conditions, primarily night time temperatures which can reach as low as -8 degrees C during flowering. The objectives of this study were to investigate aspects of cold-hardiness in post-diapausing M. rotundata, and to determine the potential effects of subzero temperatures on adult females through studies of supercooling capacity and survival at low temperatures. Post-diapausing M. rotundata maintain a supercooling capacity below -23 degrees C until pupation, after which all developmental stages freeze between -15 degrees C and -17 degrees C. Fed and unfed adult females show significant differences in their supercooling capacity; -8 degrees C and -16 degrees C, respectively. Bees which have fed showed very little susceptibility to temperatures above -5 degrees C, but mortality significantly increased at -10 degrees C, and was 100\% at -15 degrees C. As such, M. rotundata populations are likely susceptible to unusually cool night time temperatures when used for lowbush blueberry pollination. The implications of earlier release times on bee biology and population recovery for pollination are discussed.},
	issn = {{0022-8567}},
	doi = {10.2317/JKES-710.23.1},
	author = {Sheffield, Cory S.}
}
@article { ISI:000265226600002,
	title = {Rapid Range Expansion of the Wool-Carder Bee, Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in North America},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY},
	volume = {82},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {21-29},
	abstract = {Anthidium manicatum (L.) is an adventive species of European origin first recorded in North America in the late 1960{\textquoteright}s; from that point until 2001 its range on the continent was restricted to the northeast-central USA and central Canada (Ontario, more recently Quebec). In 2005, this species was reported from Nova Scotia, a rapid and wide increase in its distribution. In this paper, we document a similar rapid spread of A. manicatum into western North America, including British Columbia and Idaho, and discuss the potential risks of this species in eastern Canada. In addition, the potential of DNA barcoding as a rapid and reliable means of recognizing adventive bee species is advocated.},
	issn = {0022-8567},
	author = {Gibbs, Jason and Sheffield, Cory S.}
}
