| Publication Type: | Conference Paper |
| Year of Publication: | 2004 |
| Authors: | J. H. Cane, Hartfelder, K. H., de Jong, D., Pereira, R. A., Cristino, AdosSantos, Morais, M. M., Tanaka, E. D., Lourenco, A. P., Silva, J. E. B., Almeida, G. F., Nascimento, A. M. |
| Conference Name: | Proceedings of the 8th IBRA International Conference on Tropical Bees and VI Encontro sobre Abelhas, Ribeirao Preto, Brasil, 6-10 September, 2004 |
| Date Published: | 2004/// |
| Keywords: | BEHAVIOR-NESTING, METHODS |
| Abstract: | Cavity-nesting species (such as Osmia aglaia ) are most likely to be effectively managed for agricultural pollination. For similar reasons, cavity-nesting species are particularly suitable for experimental manipulations of nesting and progeny. This paper focuses on the use of X-rays and observation nests to study and manipulate the cavity-nesting bees. Some of the uses of X-rays include tracking of the life history stages and their phenologies, especially when timing the onset of diapause and, later, incubation needs, and as a guide in the removal of diseased or parasitized cells. The use of observation nests holds a great promise for a simple, inexpensive and reliable way to quantify larval toxicity in bees other than Apis when fed or cont acted with suspended naturally-occurring or agricultural toxins |