@article {1527,
	title = {Foraging, grooming and mate-seeking behaviors of Macropis nuda (Hymenoptera, Melittidae) and use of Lysimachia ciliata (Primulaceae) oils in larval provisions and cell linings},
	journal = {American Midland Naturalist},
	volume = {110},
	year = {1983},
	month = {1983///},
	pages = {257 - 264},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, BEHAVIOR-MATING, GROOMING, LARVAE, LARVAL PROVISIONS, MELITTIDAE, NEST LINING, OLIGOLECTY, PRIMULACEAE},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Eickwort,G.C. and Wesley,F.R. and Spielholz,J.}
}
@article {1563,
	title = {Lifetime monetary value of individual pollinators: the bee Habropoda laboriosa at rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade)},
	volume = {446},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997///},
	pages = {67 - 70},
	keywords = {ANTHOPHORIDAE, Apoidea, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, ERICACEAE, FRUIT PRODUCTION, FRUIT SET, HABROPODA, LARVAL PROVISIONS, POLLINATION, POLLINATION EFFICIENCY, POLLINATOR, VACCINIUM, VACCINIUM ASHEI},
	author = {Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1619,
	title = {The effect of pollen protein concentration on body size in the sweat bee Lasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera : Apiformes)},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {49 - 65},
	abstract = {Adult bees and wasps provide all the food their offspring require to grow from egg to adult. For a given diet. offspring body size generally increases with an increase in the amount of food consumed as a larva, but the extent to which body size is influenced by the type of food consumed is poorly known. Pollen ranges from 2-60\% protein among plant species, and bees are extremely efficient at assimilating nitrogen; therefore, it seems likely that either parent bees adjust the size of larval provisions to compensate for differences in pollen protein concentration or bee offspring attain different body size depending on the pollen type(s) consumed as a larva, We presented the generalist sweat bee Lasioglossum zephyrum with pollen diets that differed in protein content and monitored offspring body size during two experiments. In a protein supplementation experiment, diets ranged from 20-66\% protein and consisted of Typha pollen amended with soy protein. On a pollen/soy diet, offspring body size increased 25\% with a shift from 20-37\% protein, but did not increase further at greater protein concentrations, In a multiple pollen experiment, pollen diets ranged from 20-39\% protein and consisted of eight pollens that differed naturally in protein concentration. The largest offspring arose from the most protein-rich pollens, whereas much smaller bees developed on protein-poor pollens, Provision size only predicted offspring size when pollen type, and therefore protein quantity, was considered. Adult foragers did not adjust provision size to compensate for pollen protein, Therefore, offspring body size appears to result from a combination of controlled (provision size) and uncontrolled (pollen quality) factors that arise out of bee foraging decisions},
	keywords = {Apoidea, BEE SIZE, BEHAVIOR-FORAGING, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, Halictidae, LARVAL PROVISIONS, NUTRITION, POLLEN, PROTEIN, SIZE},
	author = {Roulston,T.H. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1618,
	title = {The effect of diet breadth and nesting ecology on body size variation in bees (Apiformes)},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {180 - 193},
	abstract = {Body size in animals influences survival, fecundity, and mating opportunity. For bees, parental provisioning behavior largely controls offspring body size. Because larger offspring of many bee species have fitness advantages, selection on body size should act through selection on parental provisioning behavior and restrict body size variation of each species. Many bet species show great variability in body size, however, which may indicate that adult females are often constrained in their ability to consistently produce large offspring. We compared body size variation within bee species for two life history traits that could influence offspring body size: dietary breadth (specialist or generalist) and nesting habit (ground-nesting or cavity-nesting). We determined the head width (a reliable correlate of body size) of 2276 bees belonging to 31 bee species from five families and calculated the body size variation fur each species. Body size variation, measured as the coefficient of variation in head size, did not differ between pollen specialists (oligoleges) and pollen generalists (polyleges) across 13 pairs of closely-related, sympatric bee species of similar body size. Cavity-nesting species showed significantly greater variation in body size than ground-nesting species, which suggests that the choice of nest cavities utilized may be a more important predictor of offspring body size than parental body size. The cleptoparasite Coelioxys sayi had similar body size variation to one of its hosts, Megachile brevis. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, showed the least body size variation of any species measured},
	keywords = {APIS, Apoidea, BEE SIZE, BEHAVIOR, BEHAVIOR-NESTING, CLEPTOPARASITE, ECOLOGY, FITNESS, LARVAL PROVISIONS, LIFE HISTORY, MEGACHILE, MORPHOLOGY, OLIGOLECTY, POLLEN, POLYLECTY, SELECTION, SIZE, VARIATION},
	author = {Roulston,T.H. and Cane, J. H.}
}
@article {1591,
	title = {Nectar and pollen sugars constituting larval provisions of the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee (Megachile rotundata) (Hymenoptera: Apiformes: Megachilidae)},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011/05//},
	pages = {401 - 408},
	abstract = {As with most solitary bees, larvae of the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee, Megachile rotundata Fab., eat a diet blended from pollen and nectar of unknown proportions. In this study, we developed protocols to isolate and quantify sugars from larval provision masses. The method removed free amino acids that leach from pollen and confound chromatography, but without autohydrolyzing sucrose. Pollen sugars were a negligible fraction of provision mass sugars. Glucose and fructose constituted about half of the provision fresh weight. Sucrose in alfalfa pollen and nectar is absent from the provision, presumably enzymatically hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose in the provision. Provision masses are composed of two to three times more floral equivalents in pollen than nectar. Female M. rotundata, and other solitary bees with pasty provisions, gather proportionally more pollen than nectar compared with the resource needs of colonies of social honeybees and bumblebees},
	keywords = {CHROMATOGRAPHY, LARVAL PROVISIONS, MEDICAGO, MEGACHILE, Megachilidae, METHODS, NECTAR, NECTAR COMPOSITION, POLLEN-CHEMISTRY, SUGAR},
	isbn = {0044-8435},
	url = {ISI:000292612900015},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Gardner,D.R. and Harrison,P.A.}
}
