@article {1566,
	title = {Sampling bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) for pollinator community studies: pitfalls of pan-trapping},
	journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {225 - 231},
	abstract = {With the growing interest in pollinator conservation, a need has emerged for a simple. unbiased method to reliably sample local bee faunas. One method. pan-trapping, has increased in popularity without critical evaluation of its efficacy and biases. We compared traditional net collecting at flowers and pan trapping concurrently, sampling the local bee fauna of the dominant desert shrub. creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) growing at the Silver-bell site of the International Biosphere Program (IBP) nw of Tucson Arizona. pan-traps on the ground yielded a faunal sample depauperate in many of the more common native bee species on creosote bush, particularly its floral specialists. This pan-trap sample also corresponded poorly with the previous four years{\textquoteright} faunal samples at this site, with pairs of neighboring net-sampled sites throughout the Southwest. and with all pairs of bee samples from Larrea across the Upper Sonoran desert. The likely causes of this disparity and the utility of pan trapping for bees in faunal and community studies is discussed},
	keywords = {Apoidea, COMMUNITIES, CONSERVATION, DIVERSITY, GUILD, LARREA, METHODS, POLLINATOR},
	author = {Cane, J. H. and Minckley,R.L. and Kervin,L.J.}
}
@article {1608,
	title = {Origins and ecological consequences of pollen specialization among desert bees},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - Series B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {267},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {265 - 271},
	abstract = {An understanding of the evolutionary origins of insect foraging specialization is often hindered by a poor biogeographical and palaeoecological record. The historical biogeography (20 000 years before present to the present) of the desert-limited plant, creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), is remarkably complete. This history coupled with the distribution pattern of its bee fauna suggests pollen specialization For creosote bush pollen has evolved repeatedly among bees in the Lower Sonoran and Mojave deserts. In these highly xeric, floristically depauperate environments, species of specialist bees surpass generalist bees in diversity, biomass and abundance. The ability of specialist bees to facultatively remain in diapause through resource-poor years and to emerge synchronously with host plant bloom in resource-rich years probably explains their ecological dominance and persistence in these areas. Repeated origins of pollen specialization to one host plant where bloom occurs least predictably is a counter-example to prevailing theories that postulate such traits originate where the plant grows best and blooms most reliably Host-plant synchronization, a paucity of alternative floral hosts, or flowering attributes of creosote bush alone or in concert may account for the diversity of bee specialists that depend on this plant instead of nutritional factors or chemical coevolution between floral rewards and the pollinators they have evolved to attract},
	keywords = {Apoidea, BIOGEOGRAPHY, COEVOLUTION, DIAPAUSE, DIVERSITY, EVOLUTION, FLOWERING, LARREA, OLIGOLECTY, PHENOLOGY, POLLEN, POLLINATOR, SPECIATION},
	author = {Minckley,R.L. and Cane, J. H. and Kervin,L.}
}
